Identification of Original Plants of Lycii Cortex by Multiplex Allele-specific PCR / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo identify Lycium chinense and L. barbarum as the original plants of Lycii Cortex simply and efficiently by multiple allele-specific polymerase chain reaction （PCR）. MethodThe chloroplast genome sequences of L. chinense and L. barbarum were downloaded from the Chloroplast Genome Information Resource （CGIR）， and then IdenDSS was employed to screen out the specific single nucleotide polymorphism （SNP） sites between the two plants. Primer 5.0 was used to design the specific primers， including primers GQ-F/R for identifying L. chinense and primers NX-F/R for identifying L. barbarum. Furthermore， the primer concentration ratio， annealing temperature， cycles， and Taq enzyme were optimized to establish the optimal PCR system and conditions for plant identification. Finally， the applicability of the established method was examined with the plant samples collected from different regions. ResultThe PCR with GQ-F/R∶NX-F/R concentration ratio of 2∶1 at the annealing temperature at 59 ℃ and for 30 cycles showed specific bands at 183 bp and 295 bp， respectively， for L. chinense and L. barbarum samples from different regions. ConclusionThe established PCR approach can simply， rapidly， and efficiently identify the original plants of Lycii Cortex， serving as a new method for the discrimination between L. chinense and L. barbarum. Moreover， the method provides technical support for the research and development of classic famous prescriptions containing Lycii Cortex.

Clinicopathologic characteristics and prognostic analysis of testicular diffuse large B-cell lymphoma / 中华血液学杂志

Objective: To analyze the clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis of testicular diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) . Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 68 patients with testicular DLBCL admitted to Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from October 2001 to April 2020. The gene mutation profile was evaluated by targeted sequencing (55 lymphoma-related genes) , and prognostic factors were analyzed. Results: A total of 68 patients were included, of whom 45 (66.2% ) had primary testicular DLBCL and 23 (33.8% ) had secondary testicular DLBCL. The proportion of secondary testicular DLBCL patients with Ann Arbor stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ (P<0.001) , elevated LDH (P<0.001) , ECOG score ≥ 2 points (P=0.005) , and IPI score 3-5 points (P<0.001) is higher than that of primary testicular DLBCL patients. Sixty-two (91% ) patients received rituximab in combination with cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP) -based first-line regimen, whereas 54 cases (79% ) underwent orchiectomy prior to chemotherapy. Patients with secondary testicular DLBCL had a lower estimated 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) rate (16.5% vs 68.1% , P<0.001) and 5-year overall survival (OS) rate (63.4% vs 74.9% , P=0.008) than those with primary testicular DLBCL, and their complete remission rate (57% vs 91% , P=0.003) was also lower than that of primary testicular DLBCL. The ECOG scores of ≥2 (PFS: P=0.018; OS: P<0.001) , Ann Arbor stages Ⅲ-Ⅳ (PFS: P<0.001; OS: P=0.018) , increased LDH levels (PFS: P=0.015; OS: P=0.006) , and multiple extra-nodal involvements (PFS: P<0.001; OS: P=0.013) were poor prognostic factors in testicular DLBCL. Targeted sequencing data in 20 patients with testicular DLBCL showed that the mutation frequencies of ≥20% were PIM1 (12 cases, 60% ) , MYD88 (11 cases, 55% ) , CD79B (9 cases, 45% ) , CREBBP (5 cases, 25% ) , KMT2D (5 cases, 25% ) , ATM (4 cases, 20% ) , and BTG2 (4 cases, 20% ) . The frequency of mutations in KMT2D in patients with secondary testicular DLBCL was higher than that in patients with primary testicular DLBCL (66.7% vs 7.1% , P=0.014) and was associated with a lower 5-year PFS rate in patients with testicular DLBCL (P=0.019) . Conclusion: Patients with secondary testicular DLBCL had worse PFS and OS than those with primary testicular DLBCL. The ECOG scores of ≥2, Ann Arbor stages Ⅲ-Ⅳ, increased LDH levels, and multiple extra-nodal involvements were poor prognostic factors in testicular DLBCL. PIM1, MYD88, CD79B, CREBBP, KMT2D, ATM, and BTG2 were commonly mutated genes in testicular DLBCL, and the prognosis of patients with KMT2D mutations was poor.

Construction of the post competency model of clinical medicine students in military medical universities / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To establish a post competency model for clinical medical students in military medical universities to explore the qualities most needed by outstanding graduates.Methods:Through behavioral event interview (BEI) method, the complete interview data of 82 graduates (40 students in excellent group and 42 students in normal group) from a military medical university were obtained. The respondents were asked to recall the three most successful and unsuccessful cases in their past work, and fill in the checklist. The interview data were coded, marked and classified, the interview recording data were analyzed, and the comparison was made between the frequency of competency characteristics and the collection points of excellent graduates.Results:Top 9 competency features with the highest frequency and no difference between the two groups were respectively internal quality (82 students, 100%), clinical medical service capacity (52 students, 63.4%), continuous learning ability (36 students, 43.9%), teamwork ability (38 students, 46.3%), career (66 students, 80.5%), enterprise (46 students, 56.1%), sense of responsibility (42 students, 51.2%), execution (42 students, 51.2%), and coordination of team members (36 students, 44.0%). The proportions of excellent graduates to mention the ability to apply information tools ( χ2=6.80, P=0.009),; master English literature ( χ2=4.42, P=0.036), and be self-disciplined and fame and fortune-weakened ( χ2=6.90, P=0.009) were higher than those of the ordinary ones. Conclusion:This study has scientifically constructed a post competency model for clinical medicine students in military medical universities, including the benchmark competency model (9 characteristics with the highest frequency and non-differentiated between two groups) and the identification competency model (3 characteristics of excellent graduates higher than those of ordinary ones).

Clinical characteristics and prognosis of primary and secondary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the pancreas / 中华血液学杂志

Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics and prognosis of primary and secondary pancreatic diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) . Methods: Clinical data of patients with pancreatic DLBCL admitted at Shanghai Rui Jin Hospital affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from April 2003 to June 2020 were analyzed. Gene mutation profiles were evaluated by targeted sequencing (55 lymphoma-related genes). Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models were used to evaluate the prognostic factors of overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) . Results: Overall, 80 patients were included; 12 patients had primary pancreatic DLBCL (PPDLBCL), and 68 patients had secondary pancreatic DLBCL (SPDLBCL). Compared with those with PPDLBCL, patients with SPDLBCL had a higher number of affected extranodal sites (P<0.001) and had higher IPI scores (P=0.013). There was no significant difference in the OS (P=0.120) and PFS (P=0.067) between the two groups. Multivariate analysis indicated that IPI intermediate-high/high risk (P=0.025) and double expressor (DE) (P=0.017) were independent adverse prognostic factors of OS in patients with pancreatic DLBCL. IPI intermediate-high/high risk (P=0.021) was an independent adverse prognostic factor of PFS in patients with pancreatic DLBCL. Targeted sequencing of 29 patients showed that the mutation frequency of PIM1, SGK1, BTG2, FAS, MYC, and MYD88 in patients with pancreatic DLBCL were all >20%. PIM1 (P=0.006 for OS, P=0.032 for PFS) and MYD88 (P=0.001 for OS, P=0.017 for PFS) mutations were associated with poor OS and PFS in patients with SPDLBCL. Conclusion: There was no significant difference in the OS and PFS between patients with PPDLBCL and those with SPDLBCL. IPI intermediate-high/high risk and DE were adverse prognostic factors of pancreatic DLBCL. PIM1, SGK1, BTG2, FAS, MYC, and MYD88 were common mutations in pancreatic DLBCL. PIM1 and MYD88 mutations indicated worse prognosis.

Exploration of factors for failure of non-invasive prenatal testing based on Logistic regression analysis / 中华医学遗传学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the factors for the failure of non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) through multifactorial unconditional Logistic regression analysis.@*METHODS@#A total of 3 410 pregnant women who had visited Dalian Women and Children Medical Group from July 2019 to June 2020 were selected as the study subjects and divided into first success NIPT group (n = 3 350) and first failed group (n = 60). Clinical data including age, weight, body mass index (BMI), gestational week, type of pregnancy (singleton/twin), history of delivery, heparin treatment, and conception method [natural conception/assisted reproductive technology (ART)] were collected. Independent sample t-test and Chi-square test were carried out for comparing the two groups, and multi-factorial unconditional Logistic regression analysis was carried out to explore the factors for the failure of NIPT, and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was used to evaluate the diagnosis and predictive effects.@*RESULTS@#Among the 3 410 pregnant women, 3 350 were assigned to the first success NIPT group, and 60 were assigned to the first failed group, and the first-time failure rate was 1.76% (60/3 410). No significant difference was found in age, weight, BMI and method of conception between the two groups (P > 0.05). Compared with first success group, first failed group had lower sampling gestational weeks, lower proportion of women with previous history of delivery, and higher proportion of twin pregnancies and heparin treatment (P < 0.05). Multi-factorial unconditional Logistic regression analysis indicated that sampling gestational week (OR = 0.931, 95%CI: 0.845 ~ 1.026, P < 0.001) and history of heparin use (OR = 8.771, 95%CI: 2.708 ~ 28.409, P < 0.001) are independent factors for first failed NIPT. One-way unconditional Logistic regression analysis for sampling gestational weeks indicated that the regression equation for NIPT screening failure was Logit (P) = -9.867 + 0.319 × sampling gestational week, with the area under the ROC curve being 0.742, a Jordan index of 0.427, and a cutoff value of 16.36 weeks.@*CONCLUSION@#Gestational week and heparin treatment are independent factors for the first failed NIPT. A regression equation has been established and determined the optimal sampling gestational week to be 16.36 weeks, which may provide a reference for the timing of NIPT screening.

Effect of Echinococcus multilocularis infection on Tim3 expression in spleen natural killer cells of mice / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of Echinococcus multilocularis infection on Tim3 expression and its co-expression with immune checkpoint molecules 2B4 and LAG3 in spleen natural killer (NK) cells of mice. Methods C57BL/6 mice, each weighing (20 ± 2) g, were randomly divided into a high-dose infection group (15 mice), a low-dose infection group (13 mice), and a control group (11 mice). Mice in the high- and low-dose infection groups were inoculated with 2 000 and 50 Echinococcus multilocularis protoscolices via the hepatic portal vein, while animals in the control group was injected with an equivalent amount of physiological saline via the hepatic portal vein. Mouse spleen cells were harvested 12 and 24 weeks post-infection, and Tim3 expression and its co-expression with 2B4 and LAG3 in NK cells were detected using flow cytometry. Results There were significant differences in the proportions of Tim3 expression (F = 13.559, P < 0.001) and Tim3 and 2B4 co-expression (F = 12.465, P < 0.001) in mouse spleen NK cells among groups 12 weeks post-infection with E. multilocularis, and the proportion of Tim3 expression was significantly higher in mouse spleen NK cells in the low-dose infection group [(23.84 ± 2.28)%] than in the high-dose infection group [(15.72 ± 3.67)%] and the control group [(16.14 ± 3.83)%] (both P values < 0.01), while the proportion of Tim3 and 2B4 co-expression was significantly higher in mouse spleen NK cells in the low-dose infection group [(22.20 ± 2.13)%] than in the high-dose infection group [(14.17 ± 3.81)%] and the control group [(15.20 ± 3.77)%] (both P values < 0.01). There were significant differences in the proportions of Tim3 expression (F = 5.243, P < 0.05) and Tim3 and 2B4 co-expression (F = 4.659, P < 0.05) in mouse spleen NK cells among groups 24 weeks post-infection with E. multilocularis infection, and the proportions of Tim3 expression and Tim3 and 2B4 co-expression were significantly lower in mouse spleen NK cells in the high-dose infection group [(20.55 ± 7.04)% and (20.98 ± 7.12)%] than in the control group [(31.38 ± 3.19)% and (31.25 ± 3.06)%] (both P values < 0.05), and there were no significantly difference between the proportions of Tim3 expression and Tim3 and 2B4 co-expression in splenic NK cells in the low-dose infection group [(26.80 ± 6.47)% and (26.48 ± 6.48)%] and the control group (both P > 0.05). There were no significant differences in the proportions of Tim3 and LAG3 co-expression in mouse spleen NK cells among groups 12 (F = 2.283, P > 0.05) and 24 weeks post-infection (F = 0.375, P > 0.05). In the low-dose infection group, there were no significant differences in the proportions of Tim3 expression or Tim3 and 2B4 co-expression in mouse spleen NK cells 12 (t = −1.137, P > 0.05) or 24 weeks post-infection (t = −1.658, P > 0.05), and the proportion of Tim3 and LAG3 co-expression increased in mouse spleen NK cells 24 weeks post-infection relative to 12 weeks post-infection (t = −5.261, P < 0.01). In the highdose infection group, there was no significant difference in the proportion of Tim3 expression in mouse spleen NK cells 12 and 24 weeks post-infection (t = −1.546, P > 0.05); however, the proportions of Tim3 co-expression with 2B4 and LAG3 increased in mouse splenic NK cells 24 weeks post-infection relative to 12 weeks post-infection (t = −2.425 and −4.745, both P values < 0.05). Conclusions The Tim3 expression and Tim3 co-expression with LAG3 and 2B4 on spleen NK cells is affected by doses of E. multilocularis infection and disease stages, and present different phenotypes during the course of alveolar echinococcosis. NK cells tend to form an immunosuppressive phenotype with the progression of E. multilocularis infection, which facilitates immune escape and chronic parasitism of E. multilocularis.

Visual Detection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus using Combined CRISPR/Cas12a and Recombinase Polymerase Amplification / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

Objective@#To establish an ultra-sensitive, ultra-fast, visible detection method for Vibrio parahaemolyticus (VP) .@*Methods@#We established a new method for detecting the tdh and trh genes of VP using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 12a (CRISPR/Cas12a) combined with recombinase polymerase amplification and visual detection (CRISPR/Cas12a-VD).@*Results@#CRISPR/Cas12a-VD accurately detected target DNA at concentrations as low as 10 -18 M (single molecule detection) within 30 min without cross-reactivity against other bacteria. When detecting pure cultures of VP, the consistency of results reached 100% compared with real-time PCR. The method accurately analysed pure cultures and spiked shrimp samples at concentrations as low as 10 2 CFU/g.@*Conclusion@#The novel CRISPR/Cas12a-VD method for detecting VP performed better than traditional detection methods, such as real-time PCR, and has great potential for preventing the spread of pathogens.

Macrophage Polarization and Anti-tumor Mechanism of Chinese Medicine：A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Macrophages are natural immune cells with strong plasticity. The polarization of macrophages mainly responds to stimuli in the microenvironment by changing their phenotype and related functions. In recent years， studies have found that the polarization of macrophages is involved in the occurrence and development of various diseases such as bone arthritis， skin diseases， diabetes， coronary heart disease， breast cancer， colorectal cancer， and lung cancer， especially the metastasis of malignancies and drug resistance， through multiple signaling pathways， including nuclear factor kappa-B（NF-κB）， c-Jun N-terminal kinase（JNK）， protein kinase B （Akt）， mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK）， signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 （STAT6）， Wnt/β-catenin， and mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR） and regulatory factors， such as granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor （GM-CSF）， interleukin （IL）-4， IL-10， transforming growth factor （TGF）-β， tumor necrosis factor（TNF）-α， and interferon-γ（IFN-γ）. Chinese medicine is also pivotal in the prevention and treatment of malignancies. In recent years， therefore， the specific anti-tumor mechanism of Chinese medicine and its active ingredients has become a research hotspot. The tumor microenvironment is crucial to the occurrence and development of tumors. The polarization of tumor-associated macrophages is involved in the proliferation， apoptosis， and metastasis of tumor cells. Therefore， targeted regulation of the polarization of tumor-associated macrophages is a potential target for clinical treatment of malignancies. Based on the research articles published in the past three years， this article reviewed macrophage polarization and the anti-tumor mechanism of Chinese medicine from four perspectives， i.e.， macrophage polarization， related pathways and regulatory factors of macrophage polarization， macrophage polarization and breast cancer， colorectal cancer， and lung cancer， and macrophage polarization and anti-tumor effects of Chinese medicine， active ingredients of Chinese medicine， and self-formulated prescriptions/classic prescriptions. This study is expected to provide certain ideas for the clinical treatment， basic research， and development of new Chinese medicine in the treatment of tumors.

Safety and efficacy of primary closure in patients with normal diameters of common bile duct after laparoscopic common bile duct exploration / 中华肝胆外科杂志

Objective:To study the safety and efficacy of primary closure of non-dilaed common bile ducts (CBD) after laparoscopic common bile duct exploration.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted on the clinical data of 120 patients who underwent primary closure of CBD after laparoscopic CBD exploration (LCBDE) at the Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University from April 1, 2014 to November 30, 2019. There were 44 males and 76 females, aged 22.0 to 88.0 years, (average age of 57.2 years). These patients were divided into the dilated CBD group (diameter of CBD >8 mm) and the normal CBD group (diameter of CBD ≤8 mm). The following factors, including operating time, intraoperative bleeding, postoperative hospitalization stay, abdominal drainage tube indwelling time and postoperative complications were compared.Results:The dilated CBD group consisted of 76 patients, with 25 males and 51 females, and a median age of 62.5 years. The normal CBD group consisted of 44 patients, with 19 males and 25 females, and a median age of 57.5 years. There were no significant differences in gender, age, albumin level, total bilirubin and other baseline data between groups ( P>0.05). The operation times of the two groups were: the normal CBD group [106.6(87.3, 146.3] min vs the dilated CBD group [112.0(90.5, 134.5)] min; intraoperative blood loss [the normal CBD group 20(10, 30)ml vs dilated CBD group 20(10, 20)ml]; postoperative hospital stay [the normal CBD group 7.0 (5.3, 9.0) d vs the dilated CBD group 7.0 (5.0, 7.0) d]; and postoperative abdominal drainage tube removal time [the normal CBD group 6 (4, 7) d vs the dilated CBD group 5 (4, 6)d]. The differences were all not significant ( P>0.05). There was also no significant difference in the incidences of postoperative complications (including bile leakage, biliary stricture, and stone recurrence between groups, all P>0.05). Conclusion:In patients with a normal diameter (≤8 mm) common bile duct, it was safe and efficacious to perform primary closure after laparoscopic common bile duct exploration.

Correlation between sleep duration and incident diabetes among residents of different ages in Xinjiang region / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Objective:To explore the correlation between sleep duration and incident diabetes among residents of different ages in Xinjiang region.Methods:A total of 9 541 residents, aged 40 and over in Karamay, Xinjiang were identified by a cluster sampling method. Physical examinations and biochemical test were performed, and the data on sleep duration and lifestyle were obtained using standardized questionnaires. The population was divided into three categories according to sleep duration: insufficient sleep(<6 h), ideal sleep(6-8 h), and long sleep duration(>8 h). They were further divided into 2 subgroups based on age at survey. Those who were younger than 60 years old were defined as the middle-aged group, and the rest as the elderly. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to explore the correlation between sleep duration and the risk of diabetes in different age groups.Results:There existed an approximate U-shaped relationship between total sleep duration and fasting blood glucose as well as HbA 1C. Fasting blood glucose and HbA 1C were relatively lower among those with ideal sleep duration. After multivariable adjustment, residents with insufficient sleep revealed a 35% increased risk of diabetes( OR=1.35, 95% CI 1.06-1.71) compared with those with ideal sleep duration. However, the risk of diabetes was not significantly increased in those with long sleep duration( OR=1.04, 95% CI 0.94-1.14). Furthermore, the additive risk of insufficient sleep was only significant in the middle-aged group( OR=1.37, 95% CI 1.02-1.84). Conclusions:Among residents of different ages in Xinjiang region, insufficient sleep is associated with an increased risk of diabetes, which is only significant in the middle-aged group.

Effect of metformin on miRNA expression in type 2 diabetic patients and potential targets / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of metformin on the microRNA (miRNA) expression and screen potential target with network pharmacology analysis in patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods:Fifteen patients with new diagnosed type 2 diabetes admitted to our hospital were selected, who received metformin during hospitalization and after discharge. The expression of serum matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, and myocardial fibrosis related miRNAs were compared before and 6 month after metformin treatment. In addition, gene ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were applied to analyze differential expression miRNAs showing statistical significance. Meanwhile, the network figure was established to reflect the target gene messenger RNA (mRNA) corresponding to differentially expressed miRNA.Results:Compared with pre-medication, the serum level of MMP-9 was significantly decreased after treatment ( P<0.05). Besides, the expression of homo sapiens microRNA (hsa-miR)29a-3p, hsa-miR133a-5p, hsa-miR21-5p, hsa-miR30c-5p, and hsa-miR1-3p in patients with type 2 diabetes were dramatically down-regulated by metformin ( P<0.05 or P<0.01). Results of GO analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that differentially expressed miRNAs were mainly concentrated in endoplasmic reticulum lumen, synapse, basement membrane and other cell components. The molecular functions such as Rho GTPase binding and participation in extracellular matrix structural constituent were exerted through biological processes such as collagen catabolic process, regulation of short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity, and axon extension, which were mainly enriched in advanced glycation end products-receptor for advanced glycation end products (AGE-RAGE) signaling pathway in diabetic complications, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathway, and Wnt signaling pathway, etc. The outcome of miRNA-mRNA network analysis demonstrated that there were 230 target genes mRNAs corresponding to differentially expressed miRNA. Conclusion:Metformin could play its role in the treatment of type 2 diabetes by down regulating the expression of miRNA, participating in the transduction of related cellular signaling pathways, regulating chromatin, nucleic acid binding, and enzyme activities.

Optimization of Mouse Model of Aplastic Anemia Induced by Pan T Lymphocytes Combined with Irradiation / 中国实验血液学杂志

METHODS@#To establish the acquired aplastic anemia mouse model through the X-ray irradiation in combination with lymphocytes injection. AA Group: the purified Pan T lymphocytes from the spleen of C57BL/6J mice were enriched and injected to the mice through tail vein(5×10@*RESULTS@#Compared with 4, 5 Gy irradiated mice in AA groups, the survival time of 3 Gy irradiated AA groups was significantly prolonged. 3, 4 and 5 Gy X-ray irradiation combined with Pan T lymphocyte injection could successfully induced severe reduction of red blood cells, blood neutrophils, and platelets, severe reduction of bone marrow nucleated cells, severe bone marrow hematopoietic failure, and the significant expansion of T lymphocytes ratio in the bone marrow. CD4@*CONCLUSION@#3, 4 and 5 Gy X-ray irradiation combined with 5×10

Effect of bile on intestinal alkaline phosphatase in intestinal mucosa / 中华肝胆外科杂志

Objective:To investigate the expression of intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) in intestinal mucosa with bile deficiency and the effect of bile on the expression of IAP in intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cell model.Methods:Thirty healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into control group (Ctrl, n=10), external drainage group (ED, n=10) and obstructive jaundice group (OJ, n=10). Ileum specimens were collected on the 7th day after modeling. Western blot and immunohistochemical staining were used to determine the expression of IAP in rat intestinal mucosa. Different concentrations of human bile were used to treat on Caco-2 cells, and Western blot was used to detect the changes in IAP expression in Caco-2 cells. Results:Rat models were successfully established. The expression level of IAP in the intestinal mucosa of ED group [(9.19±1.67)%] was significantly lower than that of the Ctrl group [(15.09±0.61)%, P<0.05]; the expression of IAP in the intestinal mucosa of OJ group [(6.86±1.07)%] was significantly lower than that of the Ctrl group ( P<0.05). Through in vitro cell experiments, expression of IAP in Caco-2 cells was increased in a time and dose-dependent manner when treated with human bile. Conclusions:Bile deficiency in the intestine can cause inhibition of IAP in the intestinal mucosa. Bile can promote the expression of IAP in intestinal mucosal epithelial cells.

Effect analysis of interventional therapy for hemorrhage of mandibular arteriovenous malformations / 中华放射学杂志

Objective@#To explore the therapeutic value of interventional methods for hemorrhage caused by mandibular arteriovenous malformations.@*Methods@#The clinical data of 7 patients (3 males and 4 females) with mandibular arteriovenous malformations treated by interventional therapy from January 2012 to January 2018 in the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University were retrospectively analyzed. Of all patients, 4 patients suffered from sudden massive hemorrhage and 3 patients suffered from spontaneous repeated bleeding. The age ranged from 8.0 to 13.0 (10.6±1.7) years. Of the 7 patients, 3 underwent interventional embolization via arteries and veins, and 4 underwent embolization only via arteries. The embolic materials were polyvinyl alcohol granules and coils. The follow-up period was 9—18 months and the curative effect was observed.@*Results@#Among the 7 patients, 4 cases of acute massive hemorrhage were effectively controlled after interventional operation, 3 cases of chronic bleeding disappeared after interventional operation. No recurrence of bleeding occurred during the follow-up period, only 1 patient presented with oral infection and gingival swelling and hyperplasia. The symptoms were effectively controlled after anti-infection and debridement. No severe complications occurred in all patients.@*Conclusion@#Interventional therapy for ateriovenous malformation with hemorrhage is effective, safe and feasible, which is worthy of clinical application.

Effect analysis of interventional therapy for hemorrhage of mandibular arteriovenous malformations / 中华放射学杂志

Objective:To explore the therapeutic value of interventional methods for hemorrhage caused by mandibular arteriovenous malformations.Methods:The clinical data of 7 patients (3 males and 4 females) with mandibular arteriovenous malformations treated by interventional therapy from January 2012 to January 2018 in the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University were retrospectively analyzed. Of all patients, 4 patients suffered from sudden massive hemorrhage and 3 patients suffered from spontaneous repeated bleeding. The age ranged from 8.0 to 13.0 (10.6±1.7) years. Of the 7 patients, 3 underwent interventional embolization via arteries and veins, and 4 underwent embolization only via arteries. The embolic materials were polyvinyl alcohol granules and coils. The follow-up period was 9—18 months and the curative effect was observed.Results:Among the 7 patients, 4 cases of acute massive hemorrhage were effectively controlled after interventional operation, 3 cases of chronic bleeding disappeared after interventional operation. No recurrence of bleeding occurred during the follow-up period, only 1 patient presented with oral infection and gingival swelling and hyperplasia. The symptoms were effectively controlled after anti-infection and debridement. No severe complications occurred in all patients.Conclusion:Interventional therapy for ateriovenous malformation with hemorrhage is effective, safe and feasible, which is worthy of clinical application.

Differential diagnosis of breast nodules with acoustic attenuation by ultrasonic elastography imaging / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective:To explore the differential diagnostic value of ultrasonic elastography for breast nodules with acoustic attenuation.Methods:A total of 105 cases with breast nodules with posterior echo attenuation from June 2017 to October 2019 in Shenzhen People′s Hospital were enrolled. Routine ultrasound examination and elastography were performed and maximum of elastography(Emax), mean of elastography value(Emean), minimum of elastography value(Emin) and strain ratio of fat/strain ratio of nodules(B/A) were recorded. With the pathological results as the diagnosed gold standard, elastic parameters different between benign and malignant breast nodules with posterior echo attenuation were compared. And the Emax value of elastic imaging was analyzed by the ROC curve.Results:There were 65 cases of benign nodules and 40 cases of malignancy. The difference of ultrasound E imaging were statistically significant for judging benign and malignant breast nodules with acoustic attenuation( P<0.05). When Emax 95 kPa was set as the cut-off value for the differential diagnosis of benign and malignat breast nodules, the area under the ROC curve was 0.817, and the sensitivity was 88% and the specificity was 72%. Conclusions:Ultrasonic elastrography is of great value for differential diagnosis of benign and malignant breast nodules with acoustic attenuation, and it is important for the decision making of clinical treatment plan.

Application effect and clinical study of painless delivery in Tibet / 中国医师杂志

Objective:In order to establish a painless delivery detection system in plateau area, promote the concept of painless delivery, reduce the cesarean section rate, the clinical study of painless childbirth in Tibet was carried out.Methods:150 primiparas in Lhasa People's Hospital from January 2018 to Juen 2019 were prospectively collected, which were randomly divided into sufentanil and ropivacaine groups (group A, n=50) and fentanyl and ropivacaine (group B, n=50) and the control group without analgesia (group C, n=50); The general conditions of the patients before and after delivery were collected. The visual analogue scale (VAS) score was used to observe and record the delivery process and results. The Apgar score of newborns was performed, and the umbilical artery blood was taken for blood gas analysis. Results:The first and second stage of labor in group A and B were shorter than those in group C ( P<0.05); there was no difference in the third stage of labor and postpartum bleeding between the three groups ( P>0.05). The VAS scores of groups A and B were lower than that of group C ( P<0.05), while there was no difference between group A and group B ( P>0.05). There was no difference in pH value of umbilical artery blood between the three groups ( P>0.05). The umbilical artery blood PO 2 of group A and group B was higher than those of group C ( P<0.05), while there was no difference between group A and group B ( P>0.05). The umbilical artery blood PCO 2 of group A and group B was lower than that of group C( P<0.05), while there was no difference between group A and group B ( P>0.05). The cesarean section rate in group C was higher than that in groups A and B ( P<0.05). There was no difference in fetal heart rate, fetal distress, and neonatal asphyxia among the three groups ( P>0.05). There was significant difference in the overall incidence of adverse conditions in the three groups ( P<0.05). The Apgar scores of the newborns in groups A and B were higher than those in the C group at 1 min postpartum ( P<0.05), while there were no difference in the Apgar scores among the three groups at 5 and 10 min postpartum ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Painless delivery in plateau area can reduce the pain of delivery and the rate of cesarean section, and has high safety and reduce the adverse effects on mothers and infants, which is worthy of clinical promotion.

Extracts of Celastrus Orbiculatus Inhibit Cancer Metastasis by Down-regulating Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Hypoxia-Induced Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the effects of Celastrus Orbiculatus extracts (COE) on metastasis in hypoxia-induced hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2) and to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms.@*METHODS@#The effect of COE (160, 200 and 240 µ g/mL) on cell viability, scratch-wound, invasion and migration were studied by 3-4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT), scratch-wound and transwell assays, respectively. CoCl was used to establish a hypoxia model in vitro. Effects of COE on the expressions of E-cadherin, vimentin and N-cadherin were investigated with Western blot and immunofluorescence analysis, respectively.@*RESULTS@#COE inhibited proliferation and metastasis of hypoxia-induced hepatocellular carcinoma cells in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.01). Furthermore, the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) related markers were also remarkably suppressed in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.01). In addition, the upstream signaling pathways, including the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 α (Hif-1 α) and Twist1 were suppressed by COE. Additionally, the Hif-1 α inhibitor 3-5'-hydroxymethyl-2'-furyl)-1-benzylindazole (YC-1), potently suppressed cell invasion and migration as well as expression of EMT in hypoxia-induced HepG2 cells. Similarly, the combined treatment with COE and YC-1 showed a synergistic effect (P<0.01) compared with the treatment with COE or YC-1 alone in hypoxia-induced HepG2 cells.@*CONCLUSIONS@#COE significantly inhibited the tumor metastasis and EMT by suppressing Hif-1 α/Twist1 signaling pathway in hypoxia-induced HepG2 cell. Thus, COE might have potential effect to inhibit the progression of HepG2 in the context of tumor hypoxia.

The effect of moderate running wheel exercise on the learning and memory ability and hippocampal neurogenesis in young mice / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To observe the effect of moderate running wheel exercise on the learning and memory ability and hippocampal neurogenesis in young mice.Methods Twenty male 1 month old Kunming mice were randomly divided into control group and exercise group.After 8 weeks of running wheel exercise in the exercise group,the Morris water maze test was used to detect the spatial learning and memory ability of the two groups of mice.Immunohistochemical technique was used to detect the expression of Sox2,Ki67 and DCX in the dentate gyrus of mice in two groups,and those specific protein can reflected the hippocampal neurogenesis.Results In the place navigation test of Morris water maze,the latency of the exercise group ((29.00± 1.32) s) was lower than that of the control group ((36.30±0.69) s),and the difference was statistically significant (t=5.154,P＜0.05).In the spatial probe test,the number of times of crossing platforms in the exercise group ((3.73±1.51) times) was more than that of the control group ((1.89±t 1.63) times),and the difference was significant (t=3.583,P＜0.05).Immunohistochemical results showed that the number of Sox2,Ki67 and DCX immunoreactive cells in the dentate gyrus region of the exercise group were ((284.40± 31.50),(54.50± 10.75),(77.80=t± 11.60) respectively) more than those in the control group ((241.40± 10.57),(37.00± 7.81),(48.20±t 11.86) respectively),and the difference was statistically significant (t =4.129,5.789,7.971,all P＜0.01).Conclusion Moderate running wheel exercise can significantly improve the learning and memory ability of young mice,which may be related to the promotion of neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus.

Inactivation of Poliovirus by Ozone and the Impact of Ozone on the Viral Genome / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the mechanisms underlying ozone-induced inactivation of poliovirus type 1 (PV1).@*METHODS@#We used cell culture, long-overlapping RT-PCR, and spot hybridization assays to verify and accurately locate the sites of action of ozone that cause PV1 inactivation. We also employed recombinant viral genome RNA infection models to confirm our observations.@*RESULTS@#Our results indicated that ozone inactivated PV1 primarily by disrupting the 5'-non-coding region (5'-NCR) of the PV1 genome. Further study revealed that ozone specifically damaged the 80-124 nucleotide (nt) region in the 5'-NCR. Recombinant viral genome RNA infection models confirmed that PV1 lacking this region was non-infectious.@*CONCLUSION@#In this study, we not only elucidated the mechanisms by which ozone induces PV1 inactivation but also determined that the 80-124 nt region in the 5'-NCR is targeted by ozone to achieve this inactivation.